In this post… The Brenner hypothesis Tubuloglomerular feedback & glomerulotubular balance How SGLT2i affect glomerular haemodynamics How loop diretics effect glomerular haemodynamics The importance of intraglomerular pressure At the cornerstone of contemporary treatments to delay CKD progression are agents (RAS inhibitors and SGLT2i) that reduce intraglomerular pressure. Whether or not this effect is the most important mechanism of nephroprotection is open to debate - particularly for SGLT2i. However, it is at the very least likely to be a central mechanism.

In this post… The renal regulation of bicarbonate excretion The pathogenesis of proximal RTA The pathophysiology of vomiting How is renal bicarbonate excretion regulated? With respect to bicarbonate reabsorption, there are two key parameters to consider: the Tm = maximal rate of tubular HCO3 reabsoption and the renal bicarbonate threshold = the serum [HCO3] at which the filtered load exceeds Tm, and bicarbonate begins to appear in the urine.

In this post… The etymology of “tonic”. Is urea an effective osmole? The anatomy of the EFWC equation. How do NaCl supplements help in hyponatraemia? tonic, adj. and n. Medicine, etc. Having the property of increasing or restoring the tone or healthy condition and activity of the system or organs; strengthening, invigorating, bracing. (Of remedies or remedial treatment, and hence of air, climate, etc.) Etymology: Greek of or for stretching

In this post… A summary of our recent salt perspectives paper A few “clinical pearls” relating to salt Introduction We (with Matt Bailey and Bean Dhaun) recently wrote a perspectives article on salt and disease. This was an entertaining and educational process. Here I reflect on what I learned while writing the review, expanding a little on some potentially useful “clinical pearls”. (As the following is discussed in detail and fully referenced in our paper, I have not inserted many references below.